Pilots and Depression Revisited

In this final blog post I will be examining different aspects of pilots and depression. I want to start by going more in depth on the accident that I had used in my original blog. The accident was the Mozambique Airlines flight TM470 that crashed in Namibia in 2013. Captain of the flight, Herminio dos Santos Fernandes, is responsible for this tragedy. The Embraer 190 (E-190) had gone down in a remote area of southwestern Africa. Data from the cockpit voice recorder indicate that minutes before the crash, the co-pilot left the cockpit for the bathroom, and returned to find the door shut (Riva, 2013). With the first officer leaving, it gave the captain the perfect opportunity to lock him out. The flight data recorder, or black box, indicates according to preliminary results that the captain manually changed on the autopilot the flight altitude from 38,000 feet to below ground level (Riva, 2013). With the first officer not able to gain access to the cockpit the plane ultimately flew itself into the ground and killed all 33 people that were on the flight. Had there been another way to access the cockpit a lot would have been different that day.

This accident is very similar to the Germanwings crash, which is what makes it a good example of a trend with depression in pilots. The details are so close that even the cause of the depression is close to the same. Unverified rumors suggest Herminio may have had marital problems, and that a son had died. He and the first officer had both passed their routine medical tests recently (Riva, 2013).

Obviously a professional psychological evaluation should have been administered to these men. I believe that this should be part of an aviation physical for any pilot with their ATP. There are many forms of evaluations, but I think that the most effective would be a combination of a norm-referenced test and a psychological interview. A psychological interview is pretty much self-explanatory with a person being one on one with a psychologist. Norm-references psychological tests are standardized on a clearly defined group, termed the norm group, and scaled so that each individual score reflects a rank within the norm group (Framingham, 2011). If there could be a test created to fit the different groups of pilots it could help determine if the pilot is psychologically stable. There could be groups such as, married, single, high hours, low hours, and so forth.

We could lump pilots into separate groups and issue tests that fit them. These tests could be given when the pilot goes for his/her physical. If any irregularity shows up on their test then they could be called in to a separate facility to have a one on one interview with a psychologist. This would ultimately save time without having to see a psychologist as well as a licensed physician just for a regular physical.

If a pilot is diagnosed with depression he or she can take only a select few medications to treat it. These are the four medications that the FAA allows pilots to take if suffering from depression, Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), Citalopram (Celexa), Escialopram (Lexapro) (Silberman, 2014). Once on one of these medications for any period of time there is a very long and drawn out process in which a pilot has to complete to return to flying. I personally feel that it should be a long process, because the pilots should be completely sure of themselves before returning to active flying.

I think that any pilot should be of complete sound mind when getting behind the yoke. I also think that physicals now should focus on the pilot’s minds as well as the body. Yes, implementing these changes will cost more money in the long run, but at the end of the day you are talking about human lives that are at stake. If a pilot suffers from any kind of mental instability it should be caught in the many fail-safes that are in place. Obviously, depression is a concern and there is virtually nothing in place to catch it other than the pilot coming out and saying it to his or her physician there needs to be a change. Adding the systems I named above would be perfect, because it would be a quick way to establish if depression might exist in a pilot’s life. It could be checked at the same time they go in to get their annual or biannual medical. Thus, reducing the amount of pilots that may being flying with depression and potentially saving many lives.

References

Framingham, J. (2011, January 7). What is a psychological assessment. PsychCentral. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-psychological-assessment/

Riva, A. (2013, December 24). Pilot suicide: When it's the captain who crashes the plane. International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/pilot-suicide-when-its-captain-who-crashes-plane-1519756

Silberman, W. (2014, November 3). Antidepressant medications and flying. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved from http://pilot-protection-services.aopa.org/News/2014/November/Depression

ATC Privatization

GA is speaking out on this issue mainly due to the fact that there will most certainly be fees attached to it. A privatized ATC will likely lead to user fees for GA, EAA officials said, adding that is something they “vigorously oppose (Wood, 2015).” There would not only be a question of what the potential fees might be, but whether or not there would be certain privileges given to other corporate aircraft. GA advocates also warn that a privatized ATC system might prioritize certain air traffic over others, such as general aviation (Wood, 2015).

I think that airlines have made a statement for the privatization of ATC, because they are genuinely concerned with the advancement of their technology. Executives from a half-dozen major airlines, including American, Southwest and FedEx, told reporters on a conference call Tuesday that a corporation, governed by a board of industry leaders, would move faster than the FAA to modernize its equipment and create a more efficient ATC system (Grady, 2015). There is potential to move things faster through the system of the FAA if ATC is privatized. Having new technology in place for ATC to use would not only make their jobs easier but also make flying safer.

ATC is privatized in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (Bertorelli, 2015). In terms of running efficiently, I would say that they are efficient in their own countries. In countries with small GA communities I would say that they would be more efficient.

The privatization of ATC had to be made into a bill, which it as been. Rep. John Mica has introduced a bill in the House of Representatives that would turn ATC into an employee-owned, non-profit company charged with all aspects of air traffic control (Bertorelli, 2015). After the bill is potentially passed then it will move to the FAA.

I don’t think that the privatization of ATC would be more efficient at all. The GA community in the US is huge, and to implement more possible fees just to fly recreationally would all but kill the hobby. I’m not saying that ATC wouldn’t benefit from the change, because I’m sure they would. They would also have a monopoly on the market if they privatized, and who know what kind of outrageous fee they would charge. Unlike privatized turnpikes and roads, for which there are alternative routes, there’s only one ATC (Bertorelli, 2015).

References

Bertorelli, P. (2015, May 21). Maybe it's time for privatized ATC. AVWeb. Retrieved from http://www.avweb.com/blogs/insider/Maybe-Its-Time-For-Privatized-ATC-224127-1.html

Grady M. (2015, December 2). Airlines push for ATC privatization. AVWeb. Retrieved from http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Airlines-Push-For-ATC-Privatization-225300-1.html

Wood, J. (2015, July 8). Call to action issued over ATC privatization. General Aviation News. Retrieved from http://generalaviationnews.com/2015/07/08/call-to-action-issued-over-atc-privatization/

GA Medical Reform

Currently the GA medical reform is slowly but surely moving closer to becoming a law. The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation has reviewed the Pilot’s Bill of Rights 2, and passed an amendment offered by Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.), bringing third class medical reform one step closer to reality (4. Tennyson, 2015).

The reform is currently a bill in terms of legislation, once it passes the committee, the legislation will go to the full Senate, where it has 69 cosponsors (3. Tennyson, 2015). At this point it is very close to becoming a law, although it would help if it had more cosponsors.

The proposed third-class medical reforms could save pilots more than $20 million each year and save the FAA approximately $2.5 million each year (2. Grady, 2015). The is no question that this reform will save pilots and the FAA millions, which is one of the huge advantages for this becoming a law. ALPA cited concerns over safety if the bill, which would allow GA pilots to self-certify under most circumstances, were to pass (1. Grady, 2015). There will always be a question of whether or not a pilot is fit for flight. Without routine check-ups on GA pilots to maintain a third class medical it will make them more susceptible to dangerous flying conditions. Personally, I think that ALPA has every right to be against this bill because they are flying in the same skies as GA pilots.

I honestly don’t feel that the reform is necessary, pilots have been doing fine with how the medical system works in the past. I wouldn’t feel safe with other pilots in the air with psychological restrictions to flying and only needing to see a doctor for a check-up every four years. With regards to cost, if you are in a position to get a pilot license then the cost of a medical exam is not a factor.

References

1. Grady, M. (2015, July 25). ALPA opposes GA medical-reform effort. AvWeb. Retrieved from http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/ALPA-Opposes-GA-Medical-Reform-Effort-224552-1.html

2. Grady, M. (2015, November 18). GA advocates push for medical reform in congress. AvWeb. Retrieved from http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/GA-Advocates-Push-For-Medical-Reform-In-Congress-225217-1.html

3. Tennyson, E. A. (2015, November 18). Closer than ever. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved from http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/2015/November/18/Closer-than-ever

4. Tennyson, E. A. (2015, November 18). Committee passes manchin amendment to pilot's bill of rights 2. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved from http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/2015/November/18/Committee-passes-Manchin-amendment-to-PBR2

**I incorporated the numbers in with my references to better navigate where I have used the references in my blog post. Since most of the authors are the same with different works at different times.

Chinese Competitor to Boeing and Airbus

I do not think that the C919 will ever receive an FAA certification. China is a huge manufacture of many many different items that are used throughout the world however they do not specialize in one particular thing. China makes items in mass quantities however it seems they often lack in quality. How can we expect China to make a safe aircraft that could potentially fly many people across the world when it seems as though even the simplest things, such as children’s toys, come with many warnings and dangers. It seems as though emphasis on product quality is not high on the agenda. I am not entirely familiar with COMAC and the quality of products they produce, but going off of what I have seen from products made in China in the past they have already lost my vote.

I don’t see any problems for the US carriers regarding the C919. The fact is that Boeing and Airbus are the more reliable choice when it comes to an aircraft purchase. China already has 500 orders for C919, mostly from state-owned Chinese carriers and domestic aircraft leasing companies (Zacks Equity Research, 2015). As I said before the general public will see an aircraft made in China and it could trigger some red flags, I don’t think that the general public will like this airplane. Obviously the overall cost for the aircraft would have to be lower than the 737 MAX and the A320neo because if it isn’t; COMAC would just be wasting their time. The 737 MAX will nearly be better than the C919 in every way. The only way COMAC could beat out Boeing is by having a very low aircraft cost.

You could say that the relationship between COMAC and the Chinese airlines are good considering what I had mentioned above. Most Chinese carriers have already placed orders for the new C919. Considering the aircraft has yet to receive an FAA certification it makes sense that most of their orders have come from “in-house.” COMAC also has the support of the Chinese government, which will continue to develop the C919 with an almost unlimited amount of funding (Zacks Equity Research, 2015). Plans for the next airplane, the twin-aisle C929, in a joint venture with Russia may be too much too soon. However each step along the way, including sub-types for the C919, will give the Chinese more experience (Leeham Co., 2015).

With COMAC getting all the recognition as potentially becoming a powerhouse and competing with Boeing and Airbus, it’s easy to see how other companies might think that they could do the same thing. Personally, I don’t think that COMAC will be recognized as a threat to Boeing or Airbus for years to come. Boeing and Airbus are both mature companies, which have much experience in aircraft production. They do not need to be worried about such a small company like COMAC. Does COMAC have potential? Yes, but not for many years to come and they will make many mistakes along the way.

Airbus and Boeing responded to COMAC’s C919 by deciding to re-engine their aircraft. While the C919 would have had an economic advantage over the A320 and 737-800, the decision by Airbus and Boeing to re-engine their airplanes not only erased the advantage, but the additional improvements gave the economics back to the A320neo and 737 MAX (Leeham Co., 2015). All in all I think that COMAC will not compete with these giants for many years to come.

References

Leeham Co. (November 4, 2015). No fear of C919 for a generation. Leeham News and Comment. Retrieved from http://leehamnews.com/2015/11/04/no-fear-of-c919-for-a-generation/

Zacks Equity Research. (November 4, 2015). Is the C919 a threat to boeings dominance? Zacks. Retrieved from http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/196801/is-the-comac-c919-a-threat-to-boeings-ba-dominance